Added a source for the part pairing
This commit is contained in:
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ Decades ago, most consumer goods--such as cars and radios--were designed to be o
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= How are manufacturers fighting back?
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Manufacturers increasingly employ design and business practices that make independent repair difficult or even impossible. Common tactics include the use of proprietary screws, excessive adhesive, soldering typically modular components onto boards, and physically welding housings together, blocking internal access @repair-org. These obstacles make simple maintenance impractical. Another barrier is the introduction of digital locks, many companies--such as Apple--require "part-pairing" on all hardware used in their devices. Without reprogramming of replacement parts by an authorized servicer, pervasive errors may appear on screen, and the replacement parts could even be completely rejected by the motherboard.
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Manufacturers increasingly employ design and business practices that make independent repair difficult or even impossible. Common tactics include the use of proprietary screws, excessive adhesive, soldering typically modular components onto boards, and physically welding housings together, blocking internal access @repair-org. These obstacles make simple maintenance impractical. Another barrier is the introduction of digital locks, many companies--such as Apple--require "part-pairing" on all hardware used in their devices. Without reprogramming of replacement parts by an authorized servicer, pervasive warnings may appear on screen, and the replacement parts could even be completely rejected by the motherboard. @part-pairing
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== Ethical Issues
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This section will focus on the ethical issues surrounding IP infringement, and how replicability may parasitize manufacturer profits. @11021197
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@@ -169,4 +169,11 @@
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url = {https://landline.media/federal-court-rejects-challenge-to-massachusetts-stricter-right-to-repair-law/},
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year = {2025},
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journal = {},
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}
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@online{part-pairing,
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url = {https://www.ifixit.com/News/69320/how-parts-pairing-kills-independent-repair},
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year = {2023},
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author = {Lauren Greenlee},
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title = {How Parts Pairing Kills Independent Repair},
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}
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@@ -1,64 +1,64 @@
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@article{hernandez2020Empowe,
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volume = {12},
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issn = {2071-1050},
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month = {January},
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number = {3},
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publisher = {MDPI AG},
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title = {Empowering Sustainable Consumption by Giving Back to Consumers the ‘Right to Repair’},
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issn = {2071-1050},
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url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030850},
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number = {3},
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journal = {Sustainability},
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author = {Hernandez, Ricardo J and Miranda, Constanza and Goñi, Julian},
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pages = {850},
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doi = {10.3390/su12030850},
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year = {2020},
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volume = {12},
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journal = {Sustainability},
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pages = {850},
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url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030850},
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}
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@misc{34ca32eb-5148-4b33-b82a-d7cfca46c672,
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doi = {https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/34ca32eb-5148-4b33-b82a-d7cfca46c672},
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author = {Svensson, Sahra and Richter, Jessika Luth and Maitre-Ekern, Eléonore and Pihlajarinne, Taina and Maigret, Aline and Dalhammar, Carl},
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abstract = {{The transition to a Circular Economy (CE) aims for more efficient use of resources and reconsideration of how products are designed and used, including promoting longer lifetimes through design and repair. However, several factors influence whether it is an option for the consumer to repair the product. These range from legal and market impediments to factors of cost, convenience, and consumer preference. In this paper, we examine the current state of right to repair and different stakeholder perspectives. We outline the fundamental barriers to accessing repair services for consumer electronics as well as current and proposed policies in both the EU and U.S. promoting access to repair. Following a comparison of initiatives, we conclude by discussing the need to balance stakeholder interests in defining the desired scope of Right to Repair (R2R) - distinguished from a fully open access to repair - within the context of CE goals.}},
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doi = {https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/34ca32eb-5148-4b33-b82a-d7cfca46c672},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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year = {2018},
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keywords = {{repair; right to repair; Intellectual property rights (IPR); electronics environmental impact; Ecodesign Directive; ecodesign; Circular Economy}},
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language = {{eng}},
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url = {{https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/63585584/Svensson_et_al._Going_Green_CARE_INNOVATION_2018_PREPRINT.pdf}},
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title = {The Emerging ‘Right to Repair’ legislation in the EU and the U.S.},
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keywords = {{repair; right to repair; Intellectual property rights (IPR); electronics environmental impact; Ecodesign Directive; ecodesign; Circular Economy}},
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language = {{eng}},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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}
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@article{terryn2019A_Righ,
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doi = {10.54648/erpl2019044},
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publisher = {Kluwer Law International BV},
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author = {Terryn, Evelyne},
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url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2019044},
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issn = {0928-9801},
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pages = {851–873},
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journal = {European Review of Private Law},
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year = {2019},
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volume = {27},
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title = {A Right to Repair? Towards Sustainable Remedies in Consumer Law},
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issn = {0928-9801},
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doi = {10.54648/erpl2019044},
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pages = {851–873},
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author = {Terryn, Evelyne},
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number = {Issue 4},
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publisher = {Kluwer Law International BV},
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url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2019044},
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journal = {European Review of Private Law},
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month = {August},
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title = {A Right to Repair? Towards Sustainable Remedies in Consumer Law},
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}
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@article{jin2023Right_,
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title = {Right to Repair: Pricing, Welfare, and Environmental Implications},
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url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4401},
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journal = {Management Science},
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volume = {69},
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issn = {1526-5501},
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author = {Jin, Chen and Yang, Luyi and Zhu, Cungen},
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publisher = {Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)},
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month = {February},
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number = {2},
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doi = {10.1287/mnsc.2022.4401},
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journal = {Management Science},
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year = {2023},
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title = {Right to Repair: Pricing, Welfare, and Environmental Implications},
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author = {Jin, Chen and Yang, Luyi and Zhu, Cungen},
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volume = {69},
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month = {February},
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publisher = {Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS)},
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pages = {1017–1036},
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issn = {1526-5501},
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number = {2},
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}
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@online{criticism-right-repair-laws,
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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url = {https://www.cato.org/regulation/spring-2024/criticism-right-repair-laws},
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title = {A Criticism of ‘Right to Repair’ Laws},
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url = {https://www.cato.org/regulation/spring-2024/criticism-right-repair-laws},
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year = {2024},
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author = {Ike Brannon},
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}
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@@ -66,93 +66,93 @@
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@online{bar-right-repair-and-environment,
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url = {https://www.americanbar.org/groups/environment_energy_resources/resources/natural-resources-environment/2023-fall/right-repair-and-environment/},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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author = {Madeline June Kass},
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year = {2023},
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author = {Madeline June Kass},
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title = {Right to Repair and the Environment—Fix It or Nix It?},
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}
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@book{whos-right-is-it,
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author = {Alexandar Joseph Gambino},
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publisher = {University of Tennessee College of Law},
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volume = {25},
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notes = {Gambino, Alexandar Joseph. "Right to Repair: Whose Right Is It Anyway?." Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law, vol. 25, no. 1, Fall 2023, pp. 125-164. HeinOnline, https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/transac25&i=133.},
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pages = {125-164},
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publisher = {University of Tennessee College of Law},
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title = {Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law},
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pages = {125-164},
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year = {2023},
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notes = {Gambino, Alexandar Joseph. "Right to Repair: Whose Right Is It Anyway?." Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law, vol. 25, no. 1, Fall 2023, pp. 125-164. HeinOnline, https://heinonline.org/HOL/P?h=hein.journals/transac25&i=133.},
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author = {Alexandar Joseph Gambino},
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}
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@inproceedings{11021197,
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doi = {10.1109/SIEDS65500.2025.11021197},
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pages = {139-142},
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booktitle = {2025 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)},
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author = {Brooks, Landon and Jones, Opel and Mera, Isaac and Minneweather, Lillian},
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year = {2025},
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doi = {10.1109/SIEDS65500.2025.11021197},
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keywords = {Ethics;Portable computers;Pollution;Green products;Legislation;Companies;Maintenance engineering;Electronic waste;Sustainable development;Strain;Right to repair;sustainability;restrictive repair;ethics},
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title = {Ethical Dimensions of the Right to Repair},
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booktitle = {2025 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS)},
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}
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@online{two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right,
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author = {Alex Reinauer},
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year = {2023},
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url = {https://cei.org/studies/two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right-to-repair/},
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title = {Two Wrongs Don’t Make a Right to Repair},
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author = {Alex Reinauer},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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year = {2023},
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}
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@online{unintended-consequences,
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year = {2023},
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url = {https://hbr.org/2023/01/research-the-unintended-consequences-of-right-to-repair-laws},
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author = {Luyi Yang, Chen Jin and Cungen Zhu},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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title = {Research: The Unintended Consequences of Right-to-Repair Laws},
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url = {https://hbr.org/2023/01/research-the-unintended-consequences-of-right-to-repair-laws},
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author = {Luyi Yang, Chen Jin and Cungen Zhu},
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year = {2023},
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}
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@online{john-deere-accused,
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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url = {https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/3/24260513/john-deere-right-to-repair-elizabeth-warren-clean-air-act},
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title = {John Deere accused of ‘excluding’ right-to-repair language in its manuals},
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year = {2024},
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author = {Justine Calma},
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url = {https://www.theverge.com/2024/10/3/24260513/john-deere-right-to-repair-elizabeth-warren-clean-air-act},
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year = {2024},
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}
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@online{john-deere-sued,
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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year = {2025},
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title = {FTC sues Deere & Co. for monopolizing farm-equipment repair market},
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author = {John O'connor},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://www.apnews.com/article/deere-farm-repair-tractors-monopoly-85c18d35a1e0999decb535aa5d7c358e},
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}
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@online{apple-supports,
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author = {Diccon Hyatt},
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year = {2023},
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url = {https://www.investopedia.com/apple-surprisingly-supports-white-house-right-to-repair-law-8382562},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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title = {Apple Surprisingly Supports White House "Right to Repair" Law},
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year = {2023},
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}
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@online{judge-dismisses,
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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year = {2025},
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author = {Chris Lisinski},
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title = {Mass. judge dismisses final 'right to repair' law challenges},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://www.wbur.org/news/2025/02/12/massachusetts-right-to-repair-carr-law-challenges-dismissed},
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author = {Chris Lisinski},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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}
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@online{economic-downsides,
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author = {Ike Brannon and Kerri Seyfert},
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year = {2023},
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title = {The Economic Downsides of “Right-to-Repair”},
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author = {Ike Brannon and Kerri Seyfert},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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url = {https://documents.nam.org/COMM/NAM-3740-Right%20to%20Repair%20Paper%20R4%20V1%20FIN.pdf},
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}
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@online{what-is-right-to-repair,
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title = {What is Right to Repair? An introduction for curious people.},
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author = {Louis Rossman},
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year = {2020},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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author = {Louis Rossman},
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title = {What is Right to Repair? An introduction for curious people.},
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url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Npd_xDuNi9k},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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}
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@online{repair-org,
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@@ -161,4 +161,12 @@
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year = {2025},
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note = {Accessed 16 Oct. 2025},
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url = {https://www.repair.org/},
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}
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@online{2012-mass-laws,
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author = {Tyson Fisher},
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title = {Federal court rejects challenge to Massachusetts’ stricter right-to-repair law},
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url = {https://landline.media/federal-court-rejects-challenge-to-massachusetts-stricter-right-to-repair-law/},
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year = {2025},
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journal = {},
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}
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