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= What is right to repair?
The principle of right to repair is that if you own a product, you should have the ability to obtain the parts, documentation, tools, and software access needed to repair or modify the product. Right to repair as a movement is assertive of the concept "that ownership should be absolute"--that buying means buying the freedom to maintain it and restore it without relying exclusively on the manufacturer @repair-org. A meaningful piece of right to repair legislation should include several consumer-rights guarantees: access to fairly priced replacement parts; access to service manuals, or at the minimum, schematics; access to diagnostic or specialty tools; and the ability to unlock any software restrictions @what-is-right-to-repair.
Decades ago, most consumer goods--such as cars and radios--were designed to be opened and serviced by anyone with basic mechanical skills, a lot of the time, there were even service manuals and schematics printed inside the products or supplied with them. @what-is-right-to-repair. Louis Rossmann, founder of Rossmann Repair Group Inc. notes in a 2020 video introducing the right to repair that personal computers "came with thick books of schematics," however, as of 2016, "repair centers cannot get access to schematics and diagrams". There significant shift in the culture surrounding repair. As electronics advanced and became physically smaller, these practices expanded beyond personal computers; household devices became increasingly dependant on software, began being sealed shut, and their technical information gate-kept from end users. Disposable products became the norm, and with repair being hindered heavily, the modern right to repair movement was born. A major turning point came in 2012, when massachusets passed the nations first automotive repair laws @2012-mass-laws. Fisher from Landline.Media, a news outlet reporting on the trucking industry, reports that these laws required tools made available to the auto dealers also be made available for purchase to both owners and independent repair shops.
Decades ago, most consumer goods--such as cars and radios--were designed to be opened and serviced by anyone with basic mechanical skills, a lot of the time, there were even service manuals and schematics printed inside the products or supplied with them. @what-is-right-to-repair. Louis Rossmann, founder of Rossmann Repair Group Inc. notes in a 2020 video introducing his standpoint on right to repair, that personal computers "came with thick books of schematics," however, as of 2016, "repair centers cannot get access to schematics and diagrams." This shows the shift in the culture surrounding repair, as electronics advanced and became physically smaller, these practices expanded beyond personal computers; household devices became increasingly dependant on software, began being sealed shut, and their technical information gate-kept from end users. Disposable products became the norm, and with repair being hindered heavily, the modern right to repair movement was born. A major turning point came in 2012, when Massachusets passed the nations first automotive repair laws @2012-mass-laws. Fisher from Landline.Media, a news outlet reporting on the trucking industry reports that these laws required tools made available to the auto dealers also be made available for purchase to both owners and independent repair shops.
= Why is right to repair important?
Global e-waste has reached critical levels: in 2024, the International Telecommunication Union reported that the world produced 62 million tons of discarded electronics, yet only 22.3% were properly collected and recycled @itu. E-waste carries a much larger environmental footprint than traditional waste due to toxic metals and chemicals within electronics, in addition to the complex manufacturing stages which came before the product was discarded. Extending device lifespans through repair directly combats this cycle of waste. When products are prematurely discarded, new resources must be extracted and refined to take it's place. As shown in analytical models from the 2022 article "Right to Repair: Pricing, Welfare, and Environmental Implications," prolonging the use of a product can reduce waste generation and material throughout, making right-to-repair central to sustainable consumption @jin2023Right_.