I'm far too tiered to continue. I'm just going to take the late hit.

drafting/outline.typ

@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@
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 = What is right to repair?
-The principle of right to repair (RTR) is that if you own a product, you should have the ability to obtain the parts, documentation, tools, and software access needed to repair or modify the product. Right to repair as a movement is assertive of the concept "that ownership should be absolute"--that buying means buying the freedom to maintain it and restore it without relying exclusively on the manufacturer @repair-org. A meaningful piece of R2R legislation should include several consumer-rights guarantees: access to fairly priced replacement parts; access to service manuals, or at the minimum, schematics; access to diagnostic or specialty tools; and the ability to unlock any software restrictions @what-is-right-to-repair. 
+The principle of right to repair (RTR) is that if you own a product, you should have the ability to obtain the parts, documentation, tools, and software access needed to repair or modify the product. Right to repair as a movement is assertive of the concept "that ownership should be absolute"--that buying means buying the freedom to maintain it and restore it without relying exclusively on the manufacturer @repair-org. A meaningful piece of RTR legislation should include several consumer-rights guarantees: access to fairly priced replacement parts; access to service manuals, or at the minimum, schematics; access to diagnostic or specialty tools; and the ability to unlock any software restrictions @what-is-right-to-repair. 
 
 Decades ago, most consumer goods--such as cars and radios--were designed to be opened and serviced by anyone with basic mechanical skills, a lot of the time, there were even service manuals and schematics printed inside the products or supplied with them. @what-is-right-to-repair. Louis Rossmann, founder of Rossmann Repair Group Inc. notes in a 2020 video introducing his standpoint on RTR, that personal computers "came with thick books of schematics," however, as of 2016, "repair centers cannot get access to schematics and diagrams." This shows the modern shift in the culture surrounding repair, as electronics advanced and became physically smaller, these practices expanded beyond personal computers; household devices became increasingly dependant on software, began being sealed shut, and their technical information gate-kept from end users. Disposable products are becoming the norm, and with repair being hindered heavily, the modern RTR movement was born. A major turning point came in 2012, when Massachusets passed the nations first automotive repair laws @2012-mass-laws. Fisher from Landline.Media, a news outlet reporting on the trucking industry recounts that these laws required tools made available to the auto dealers also be made available for purchase to both owners and independent repair shops. With proprietary tools being made available to consumers and professional repairers, vehicle maintenance is made far more accessible to those with fewer funds, allowing their cars to last a lot longer than they would without regular scheduled maintenance.
 
@@ -271,18 +271,24 @@ Right to repair should be important to you because it allows you to maintain con
 Apart from preserving liberty, increasing product maintainability has positive implications for environmental concerns. Global e-waste has reached critical levels: in 2024, the International Telecommunication Union reported that the world produced 62 million tons of discarded electronics, yet only 22.3% were properly collected and recycled @itu. This E-waste carries a much larger environmental footprint than traditional waste due to the complex manufacturing processes and vast amounts of resources needed to produce them. Discarding these devices prematurely requires new resources to be extracted, refined, and manufactured into a new product. Furthermore, electronic devices also contain heavy metals and chemicals which pose major pollution and health risks when improperly disposed of @itu. As shown in analytical models from the 2022 article "Right to Repair: Pricing, Welfare, and Environmental Implications," prolonging the use of a product can reduce waste generation and material exploitation, making right-to-repair crucial for sustainable consumption @jin2023Right_.
 
 == Cost saving
-In addition to saving the planet, regulating anti-repair practices through RTR laws would directly save you money. As discussed previously, manufacturers make repairs needlessly difficult, leaving you with no option other than to discard devices. Instead of being forced to buy costly replacements, if repairable products were more commonplace, you would have the option to use an independent repair service, which are often cheaper (and quicker) than the official options. The average consumer spends spend about \$1,767, although in an Investopedia article covering apple's support of right to repair it is reported that you could save roughly \$382 if you were empowered by right to repair @apple-supports. RTR laws, such as the European Union's Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), aim to remove the arbitrary barriers to repair by requiring companies to provide access to repair manuals and affordable ways to obtain spare parts @34ca32eb-5148-4b33-b82a-d7cfca46c672. For instance, Kass writes about how she only paid a fifth of the cost of a new phone for a battery replacement, and it  reportedly "was like getting a new phone without getting a new phone" @bar-right-repair-and-environment. Standardizing R2R would make affordable repairs widely accessible, helping you spend less while extending the life of the products you already own.
+In addition to saving the planet, regulating anti-repair practices through RTR laws would directly save you money. As discussed previously, manufacturers make repairs needlessly difficult, leaving you with no option other than to discard devices. Instead of being forced to buy costly replacements, if repairable products were more commonplace, you would have the option to use an independent repair service, which are often cheaper (and quicker) than the official options. The average consumer spends spend about \$1,767, although in an Investopedia article covering apple's support of right to repair it is reported that you could save roughly \$382 if you were empowered by right to repair @apple-supports. RTR laws, such as the European Union's Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), aim to remove the arbitrary barriers to repair by requiring companies to provide access to repair manuals and affordable ways to obtain spare parts @34ca32eb-5148-4b33-b82a-d7cfca46c672. For instance, Kass writes about how she only paid a fifth of the cost of a new phone for a battery replacement, and it  reportedly "was like getting a new phone without getting a new phone" @bar-right-repair-and-environment. Standardizing RTR would make affordable repairs widely accessible, helping you spend less while extending the life of the products you already own.
 == Ethical Issues
 This section will focus on the ethical issues surrounding IP infringement, and how replicability may parasitize manufacturer profits. @11021197
 
 
 = How are manufacturers fighting back?
-Manufacturers increasingly employ design and business practices that make independent repair difficult or even impossible. Common tactics include the use of proprietary screws, excessive adhesive, soldering typically modular components onto boards, and physically welding housings together, blocking internal access @repair-org. These obstacles make simple maintenance impractical. Another barrier is the introduction of digital locks, many companies--such as Apple--require "part-pairing" on all hardware used in their devices. Without reprogramming of replacement parts by an authorized servicer, pervasive warnings may appear on screen, and the replacement parts could even be completely rejected by the motherboard @part-pairing. Together, these barriers consolidate repair power within corporate monopolies, driving repair costs up, and eroding consumer choice and product longevity. But there is a bigger question than just how they are fighting back: are OEMs justified for doing so?
+Manufacturers increasingly employ design and business practices that make independent repair difficult or even impossible. Common tactics include the use of proprietary screws, excessive adhesive, soldering typically modular components onto boards, and physically welding housings together, blocking internal access @repair-org. These obstacles make simple maintenance impractical. Another barrier is the introduction of digital locks, many companies--such as Apple--require "part-pairing" on all hardware used in their devices. Without reprogramming of replacement parts by an authorized servicer, pervasive warnings may appear on screen, and the replacement parts could even be completely rejected by the motherboard @part-pairing. Together, these barriers consolidate repair power within corporate monopolies, driving repair costs up, and eroding consumer choice and product longevity. But there is a bigger question than just how they are fighting back: are OEMs justified for doing so? A 2023 article published by the Competitive Enterprise Institute authored by Alex Reinauer covers a few reasons why manufacturers may make it difficult to repair their devices.  
 
+== IP Infringement and Ethics
+
+One of the arguments is that RTR legislation undermines intellectual property (IP) protections: "Right to repair legislation forces manufacturers to reveal trade secrets ..." and may infringe on copyright @two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right. The claim is that if manufacturers are compelled to give over access to information and tools they deem as proprietary, then the manufacturers own right of ownership over those tools is put in jeopardy. Reinauer frames parts of the law as imposing "Compulsory Contracts" on manufacturers, and initiating a double standard where the consumer has more property rights than the manufacturer.
+
+== Disincentivizing Innovation
+
+Another claim brought up in Reinauer's article is that RTR mandates might reduce incentive for innovation by forcing standardization: "the mandate ... could ultimately influence how manufacturers design their devices, leading to more standardization across product lines and less innovation" @two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right. The argument is that if OEMs are required to make parts, tools, and diagnostic documentation broadly available, then they may shy away from novel designs, simplifying them to be "repair-friendly," and potentially trading off performance, miniaturization, or advanced features. The article also raises concerns that smaller manufacturers "may lack the capital and resources to both create innovative digital products and produce adequate repair documentation" @two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right.
 
-= Arguments against right to repair
 == Consumer Data Privacy Concerns
-One major criticism for enforcing broad right-to-repair laws is that it could compromise consumer data privacy and system security. As the original article warns, "industry representatives have raised concerns over data security and cybersecurity regarding the mandates" because they would require "the original equipment manufacturer [to] make available ... any special documentation, tools ... to access and reset [the] lock." @two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right. In a 2021 FTC report that Microsoft noted that “independent repair shops that conduct repairs could compromise the embedded hardware security” @ftc_nixing_fix_2021. The inherent security risk of independent repair is once again mirrored an article by Ike Brannon, an author of multiple anti-RTR articles, who cautions that such access could be misused by bad actors, giving them full access to any of their customers' personal information @criticism-right-repair-laws. 
+The most major criticism of enforcing broad right-to-repair laws is that it could compromise consumer data privacy and system security. As the original article warns, "industry representatives have raised concerns over data security and cybersecurity regarding the mandates" because they would require "the original equipment manufacturer [to] make available ... any special documentation, tools ... to access and reset [the] lock." @two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right. In a 2021 FTC report that Microsoft noted that “independent repair shops that conduct repairs could compromise the embedded hardware security” @ftc_nixing_fix_2021. The inherent security risk of independent repair is once again mirrored an article by Ike Brannon, an author of multiple anti-RTR articles, who cautions that such access could be misused by bad actors, giving them full access to any of their customers' personal information @criticism-right-repair-laws. 
 
 And These concerns aren't purely speculative, in a study conducted in 2022, the authors reveal that some repair shops not only access customer files when conducting unrelated repairs--such as battery replacement--but also sometime copy them off the device.@ceci2022privacyelectronicsrepairindustry. The figure below shows a brief summary of the trials that caught a repair person snooping.
 
@@ -290,14 +296,9 @@ And These concerns aren't purely speculative, in a study conducted in 2022, the
 
 The resolution to this lies in the computer literacy of the customer. In the study, three repair providers claimed to require credentials to preform a battery replacement @ceci2022privacyelectronicsrepairindustry. This may be a red flag to anyone with a technical background, however, most people wouldn't question it at all, just like you wouldn't question letting your exterminator into your house. If consumers were made away that for nearly every repair--apart from data recovery--unlocking of the device was unnecessary, then they may avoid placed which ask for a password. If a repair service gains a reputation for asking for too much access, then they may loose customers or go out of business entirely.
 
-== Disincentivizing Innovation
-
-Another claim brought up in Reinauer's article is that RTR mandates might reduce incentive for innovation by forcing standardization: "the mandate ... could ultimately influence how manufacturers design their devices, leading to more standardization across product lines and less innovation" @two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right. The argument is that if OEMs are required to make parts, tools, and diagnostic documentation broadly available, then they may shy away from novel designs, simplifying them to be "repair-friendly," and potentially trading off performance, miniaturization, or advanced features. The article also raises concerns that smaller manufacturers "may lack the capital and resources to both create innovative digital products and produce adequate repair documentation" @two-wrongs-dont-make-a-right.
-
-==
-
 
 = What can be done to help?
+Legal pressure facing John Deere captures how far manufacturer are willing to go to retain control over repair. Multiple lawsuits allege that the company
 == Ongoing Lawsuits
 @john-deere-accused @john-deere-sued 
 == Other Activism and Demonstrations